So what are these recommendations? Simply put, reducing exposure to the sun and other types of UV radiation lowers the risk of both melanoma and non-melanoma (basal or squamous cell) types of skin cancer. This is important for people of all races and in all age groups, but it is especially important for those who have one or more risk factors. Sun damage is cumulative, meaning it builds up over time. Steps to reduce sun exposure, avoid sunburn, and otherwise help prevent skin cancer, include:
- Limiting or avoiding sun exposure between 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., especially if you live in areas with bright sunlight year-round or at high altitudes.
- Wearing sun-protective clothing, including a hat that shades the face, neck, and ears. Clothes made of fabric labeled with UPF (UV protection factor) may provide better protection. UV-protective sunglasses are also recommended; look for ones labeled as blocking 100% UVA and UVB light.
- Using sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher throughout the year and reapplying it every two hours, especially after heavy perspiration or being in the water. Sunscreen should be applied 15 to 30 minutes prior to sun exposure, so that the sunscreen has time to absorb (chemically bond) into the skin.
- Examining skin monthly for new moles or other changes (examinations by a healthcare professional and self-examinations).
- Avoiding the use of sun lamps, tanning beds, and tanning salons, which have been linked to melanoma and squamous cell skin cancer.
- Getting genetic testing and counseling if you have a family history of melanoma, have melanoma at a young age, or have a certain kind of mole known as a dysplastic nevus.
The American Cancer Society uses the "Slip! Slop! Slap! . . . and Wrap" catch phrase to remind you of the four key ways you can protect yourself from UV light: slip on a shirt, slop on sunscreen, slap on a hat, and wrap on sunglasses to protect the eyes and the skin around them. Be sure to be especially vigilant with protecting children from the sun, since as few as five sunburns can increase their chances of developing skin cancer later in life.
Remember that not all skin cancer is caused by the sun. Other risk factors aren't as easily overcome as putting on a shirt, such as family genetics. However, these simple, fast, and inexpensive steps will greatly reduce your risk.
Sources:
"What You Need to Know about Skin Cancer." National Cancer Institute. July 2002. 21 July 2008.
"All About Skin Cancer – Melanoma." American Cancer Society. July 2008. 22 July 2008.
